Friday, December 27, 2019
Report about Students Complaints about Campus Parking Problem at FIU
Introduction This report is about the parking problem raised by the Florida International University (FIU) students to the president. It affected many students within the institution. The problem has been persistent since 1980 when the number of student’s enrollment increased to 12000 from 5500 while parking increased 6000 from 5500 in 1972. The students have been facing a lot of challenges because almost half them misses parking spaces. Due to this complain from the students, we were assigned the responsibility to write a report about the problem and the possible solutions or recommendations. Fig 1: Comparison of students to the available parking space From the findings and data we collected, there was no parking problem from 1972 to 1975; this is seen from the data in figure one that, the number of commuter students enrolled equals to the number of students parking space available of 5500. The university management enrolled students according to the available parking spaces. The problem started in 1980 when 12000 students were enrolled and the available parking space increased to 6000. Half of the students could get parking space. From 1980 to 2005, many students have been missing parking space. We found out the following. Year        Number of commuter          Number of student                   Students enrolled                 parking spaces 1985          19500                                    6500 1990          28000                                    7000 1995          37500                                    7500 2000          45000                                      7500 2005          45000                                     7500 The data I found shows that more than 35000 students miss parking space at Florida International University by the year 2005. Fig 2: Complaints from the students From the survey as we gather the information about the student’s complaints, we found out from the students we interviewed the following information: 28000 of the total students which represent 64% complain of inadequate number of student’s parking space. These were the majority of the students and they wanted more parking spaces. 7650 students complain that, there were too many faculty spaces not utilized or used and the students should be allowed to park there. This represented 17% of the total student’s population. 15% of the total population had an issue with the students without decals. They complained that, there were inadequate attempts to keep students who have no decals from using the spaces. 1800 student’s complaint of the poor or dim marking lines which led to disorganized parking. This represented only 4% of the total student’s population. This information on the pie chart above is important in understanding why the students complain of the unavailable parking space and why it should be expanded. Fig 3: A survey on the number of faculty, staff and the number of students that are in the university In 2010, we conducted a survey and found out that, there were many students, staff and faculty that make up the population. We found out that, there were 2974 full time faculty and had adequate parking space. There were 14602 part time faculty and had excess parking space and some times there are empty parking spaces and students are not allowed to park their. The university students were 45, 833 and they were the majority. From the graph above, we found out that many students lack parking space while both faculty (full and part time) had excess parking spaces. Fig 4: Effects of the improvement to public transportation As we gather information trying to understand about the problem the students was complaining about, we asked the other students, staff and faculty at Florida International University (FIU) their feeling about public transport. We found out the following responses: 28% (4932) believed that it will increase the perception of safety. Majority of them had a feeling that it will reduce time to commute, 5634 (31%) believed that it will lower fare cost and 6% say it be convenient due to more stops. 852 (5%) said it will improve on cleanliness while 18% (3278) believe it will be convenient because there will be fewer transfers. The pie chart above explains the perception of different students on the public transport. Recommendations or solutions On the graph, the university management should increase student’s parking space. If the space for expansion is not enough, public transport system can be introduced in the university where all students will not be allowed to use private vehicles. From the second figure, the unutilized faculty spaces for parking, the students should be allowed to use them. Also, the faculty parking space should be reduced or there should be different parking for students, faculty and staff. From the third graph, the student being the majority, they should use the public transport so that we avoid university parking being congested. The university management should buy university buses that will be used to pick students from their places of residence at some designated points that will be convenient to most of the students. From the last pie chart, most students favored public transport because it will reduce on the fare. This was supported by 31% of the students. Most of the people who use public transport believe that it will increase the perception of safety; hence we recommend that, students should use public transport.
Thursday, December 19, 2019
Platos Allegory Of The Cave And The Matrix By The Wachowskis
Plato once said that, â€Å"Ignorance [is] the root and stem of all evil†. Ignorance is the cause of everything that is wrong and bad in the world since people are unable to see the truth. If people start breaking free from ignorance, mankind will become happier and more transparent. In the short story, â€Å"Allegory of The Cave†by Plato and The Matrix by the Wachowskis, they portray the idea that in order to gain enlightenment, one must break free from ignorance; which opens himself to knowledge; this new truth must then be shared with others for the good of mankind. The cave dweller and Neo both live a life of ignorance by thinking that their world is real, when in reality their world is keeping them from seeing the truth. Both Neo and the†¦show more content†¦Inside his workspace is a cubicle that is identical to the other cubicles on his floor. There are many cubicles in rows of each other. Neo and his coworkers are all trapped in the world of their work. The workers all do the same thing, they work in the same building and work in identical offices. Neo talks to his boss and his boss wants Neo at a specific time. Everyone in the office building is dressed up nicely and dressed uniformly. The color of the offices were gray and monotone(Wachowski). The idea of people being ignorant is seen here because they are all acting and working the same exact way. The colors show how dull and unexciting their life is. It shows that instead of living a life of risk they are living a life as people with no personality. When Neo’s boss t alks to him, he is telling Neo what to do and how to act. Instead of Neo having free choice, he is ordering him to get to work on time and to do work. Neo knows something is wrong in his world. Morpheus tells Neo that â€Å"There’s a splinter in [Neo’s] mind [that is] driving [him] mad†(Wachowski). Neo knows that there is something wrong about his world. He is staying ignorant because he isn’t doing anything to get out of this state. The ignorance is â€Å"driving [Neo] mad†which proves that he is conforming to ignorance. The splinter demonstrates that Neo knows something is wrong about his world which causes him to get mad and find truth. Those people who are ignorant won’t be able to breakShow MoreRelated Breaking Free in The Matrix Essay1115 Words  | 5 PagesBreaking Free in The Matrix      Eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau begins his infamous discourse The Social Contract by stating, Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains. One thinks himself the master of others, and still remains a greater slave than they. 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This quote relates to a work of literature more than two millennia old, the narrative by Plato called The Allegory of the Cave. Much like how Neo must endure the stages of enlightenment to rise from the blissful ignorance controlled by the matrix in the movie
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Health Safety And Well Being free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Health Safety And Well Being. Answer: Introduction Economic disadvantage makes children vulnerable. It usually has a magnified effect since it interacts with other disadvantages to threaten child development. These effect has been examined using family process or family stress models. Economically disadvantaged children are usually at risk for several socioemotional disadvantages. They also tend to form insecure attachment relationships, behavior problems and also greater physiological markers of stress(Barnett). Economic disadvantage contributes a great deal to poor results eventually in the final examinations of the children. The education system offers opportunities for children to have wider experiences and also interact with different social levels. Children tend to inherit the social position of their parents and then they may go even higher as adults (Beaver, M., Brewster, J., Jones, P., 2001, p.534). Economic disadvantage can be defined by the lack of employment of the mother of the child. It can also be deduced from the health and level of education of the mother and also from the eligibility for free school meals of the child. Economically disadvantaged children mostly have poor speech and language as compared to other children of the same age and in the same stage of development. Some of these children usually have teenage or young parents. These children may be under the care of someone else other than their parents for example their grandparents. They may also have been born in a family that is known to be involved in crime (Barnett). Strategies Educators have got some strategies at their disposal to work with this group of children. For the 3 years old bracket, they may put in place a school meals programme. In this way they will supplement the diets of the children attending their school. When the children are well fed in school they will not miss attending and will also long to attend to enjoy a meal they would otherwise have missed out on at home. This meal is not a replacement to meals from home but just an additional one. Another strategy is using integrated services for the economically disadvantaged children. The children can be kept longer in school so that they can enjoy that they lack at home. They can have their nap in school under the teachers watch and then have a play afternoon with the schools toys. In this way, their curiosity will be roused and in that way they will find school fun. The children will also learn how to share and also team spirit from their play interactions (Nicaise). Another strategy that can be adopted for the three year olds is to develop skills in the children so that they can easily adapt to their coursework in primary school. A very key skill to be developed here is language skills. Language skills will come in very handy for the children because their primary school coursework will be manageable. For the children lacking good language skills they will lag far much behind thus failing their final exams. Another strategy would also be to increase the contact between the teachers and the childrens parents. Hence the birth of parent teacher associations. This ensure that the parents and the teachers can work hand in hand in the childrens development. For those families that see harder hit economically, social workers can intervene so as to implement a home-based intervention programme. In this way the mothers gain confidence in the home and they also educate their children outside class. This task should not only be left to the teacher for it to be effective. Thus the childs language and communication skills will be superior allowing them to compete effectively in the primary school course work(Nicaise). Educators can use language play elicitation games to improve the verbal and social abilities of the three year olds. The children are guided into playing word creation games, creating rhymes, word switching and hyperbolic play as well. These games allow the educators to assess the childrens verbal and peer interaction skills. From the results it was concluded that the childrens verbal skills scores were related with the scores they received in their wordplay sessions (Read, 2017). There is also a huge need to ensure that there is available staff to institute these strategies otherwise they will just remain on paper. The early childhood teachers need to be attracted, retained and developed. There is a need to provide them with the necessary skills through training. They should also have good working conditions and salaries as well as future plans to promote them in their careers. There has also been an argument against free childcare for all parents by the state. Some proponents suggest that it should be directed at the disadvantaged children only since they need it the most. These people claim that by availing it for all, has made it expensive by international standards especially towards the parents. In this way, low cost childminders have been driven out of the market. Thus, the report concludes that though the amount of regulation over the quality of childcare has increased, it has not necessarily resulted in producing better outcomes. A report found out that the numbers of new teachers for the early years education are dwindling drastically. This can be assigned to the reason that the new graduates are put off by the very low salaries offered for those jobs. There is therefore a need for the government to invest in that sector to safeguard the future workforce of the country. If the disadvantaged children are not helped at that juncture in their early ages, there is a risk of them falling behind and staying behind for the rest of their lives. This is due to the shortage of nursery school teachers. For the success of the early year intervention strategies to succeed, there is a huge need to develop a strong workforce of early years teachers who will deliver high quality training to the children(save the children). The teachers and students require better spaces for learning to take place efficiently. This is key to ensure that the strategies are implemented properly. Poor learning conditions will damage the students health and their education will suffer. These poor conditions may also lead to teachers quitting citing them to be crowded and stressful. Thus proper design should be placed high on the priority list and to be constantly reviewed (Royal Institute for British Architects). Conclusion Various studies have revealed that there is a large proportion of children who start primary school without sufficient language skills for their educational success. For most disadvantaged children, high quality early education is their best bet to learning early language skills since their homes and social interactions do not offer this. Thus, once their foundations in English and Maths are secured they have a much better chance at attaining success in their future academic aspirations. These children will therefore compete effectively with other children from more privileged backgrounds. They will therefore have a better chance of changing their social status and not merely remaining in the same level their parents are at. Education in this case is the key to success(Early Language Development and Children's Primary School Attainment in English and Maths). References Barnett, M. (n.d.). Economic Disadvantage in Complex Family Systems: Expansion of Family Stress Models. NCBI. Beaver, M. B. (2001). Babies and Young Children: Diploma in ChildCare and Education. Nelson Thorne. Early Language Development and Children's Primary School Attainment in English and Maths. (n.d.). Retrieved from Save the Children: https://www.savethechildren.org.uk/resources/online-library/early-language-development-and-children%E2%80%99s-primary-school-attainment-english Nicaise, I. D. (n.d.). Success for all? Education-Line. Read, K. J. (2017). Journal of Early Childhood Research. (n.d.). Royal Institute for British Architects. (n.d.). save the children. Ting, T. C. (n.d.). Policy Developments in Pre-School Education in Singapore: A Focus on the Key Reforms of Kindergarten Education. International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy.
Tuesday, December 3, 2019
Parallelization of Pagerank and Hits Algorithm on Cuda Essay Example
Parallelization of Pagerank and Hits Algorithm on Cuda Paper Page Rank algorithm and HITS algorithm are widely known approaches to determine the importance and popularity of web pages. Due to large number of documents available on World Wide Web, huge amount of computations are required to determine the rank of web pages making it very time consuming. Researchers have devoted much attention In parallelizing Pageant on PC Cluster, Grids, and Multi- core processors Like Cell Broadband Engine to overcome this Issue but with little or no success. In this paper, we discuss the Issues In porting these algorithms on Compute unified Device Architecture (CODA) and Introduce efficient parallel implementation of these algorithms on CUD by exploiting the block structure of web, which not only cut down the computation time but also significantly reduces of the cost of hardware required (only few thousands). 1 . Introduction In present days, the unceasing growth of World Wide Web has lead to a lot of research in page ranking algorithms used by the search engines to provide the most relevant results to the user for any particular query. The dynamic and diverse nature of web graph further exaggerates the challenges in achieving the optimum results. Web link analysis provides a way to order the web pages by studying the link structure of web graphs. Pageant and HITS (Hyperlink Induced Topic Search) are two such most popular algorithms widely used by the current search engines either In same or modified form to rank the documents based on the ink structure of the documents. Pageant, originally introduced by Bring and Page is based on the fact that a web page is more important if many other web pages link to it. We will write a custom essay sample on Parallelization of Pagerank and Hits Algorithm on Cuda specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Parallelization of Pagerank and Hits Algorithm on Cuda specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Parallelization of Pagerank and Hits Algorithm on Cuda specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In core, it contains continuously iterating over the web graph until the Rank assigned to all of the pages converges to a stable value. In contrast to Pageant, a similar HITS algorithm, developed by Glibber [1 1], ranks the documents on the basis of two scores which it assigns to a particular set of documents dependent on a specific query, although basis for computation are same for both. Enormous size of web [1 5] makes the need of fast Implementation of these algorithms very clear. Till date, several approaches have been designed to accelerate this algorithm Like exploiting the block structure of web [6], running on parallel environment like PC cluster [4, 5, 10] but they have brought their own overheads like nudge nearer cost Ana approximate result TTS. Some research NAS also Eden cone on implementing this algorithm on Multi-core processors like Cell Broadband Engine [9] but due to the issues involved like random read and writes from large memory, this has lead to even poorer performance. In [9], it is shown that its implementation on Cell is 22 times slower than Intel Xenon Quad Core 2. GHz. Parallel implementation of these algorithms involves issues like no specific order in the number of pages that points to a particular page and randomness in the links of the nodes hindering the load balancing, which is the basis of any parallel implementation. This paper addresses these issues in an interesting manner and proposes an innovative way of exploiting the block structure of web existing at much lower level. Our approach in parallel implementation of these algorithms on Invalids Multi-core CUD Architecture not only reduces the computation time but also requires much cheaper rearward. In our study, we have used the standard input of approximately one million documents generated through the widely accepted Hebraic framework from publicly available datasets in [16]. This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes block structure of web, issues involved in porting Pageant on CUD architecture, the proposed parallel implementation and results. Section 3 discusses parallel implementation of HITS algorithm and results. And finally section 4 ends with conclusion. 2. Pageant 2. 1 . Algorithm Let Rank(p) denotes the rank of web page p from set of all web pages P. Let Sp bet a set of all web pages that points to page p and Nu be the outgrew of the page u ? Sp. Then the importance given by a page u to the page p due to its link is measured as Rank(u)/Nu. So total importance given to a page is the sum of all the importance due to incoming link to page p. This is computed iteratively n times for each page rank to converge. This iteration is as follows. V e , ? 2. 2. Sequential implementation of Pageant Algorithm 1: , 2: 3: 4: 5: 7: 8: 9: 10: V ,11: 6: 32 h h 2. 3. Comparison with Related Works Where d is the damping factor from the random surfer model [1]. The range for alee of d is from Tot 1. D is the probability that a random surfer will get bored at page p and will Jump to another random page with probability (1- d). We will be using 0. 85 as the value of d further in this paper as given in [1]. The use of d insures the convergence of Pageant algorithm [5]. The input file containing the web graph s o a De converted to Dollar link structure Tile I . Nils Tile consist AT all nodes as numbers, with their number of outguesses and the pages (also in the numerical form) to which it points to as shown in Fig 1 . The above equation (1) is the Jacobin iterative solution to system of linear equations. The extensive use of Jacobin method is because it can be easily parallelized, as the calculation of the rank of a page is dependent on the initial rank of pages. There is another efficient method to solve system of linear equations called Gauss-Sidle method. In Gauss-Sidle method for calculating the rank of page p in the iteration I, the recently calculated rank of the all pages before p is used and previous iterations rank is used for pages after page p. The iterative formula is as follows: V e , = 1- * + (2) The main advantage of this algorithm is its usage of less space during calculation. In this only one array containing the rank of pages is used and both retrieving and updating of pages rank can be done on the same array. But the disadvantage is that it cannot be easily parallelized. Since Pageant involves huge amount of computation, therefore many researchers have attempted with their own approaches towards its parallel implementation. Here we list most notable works and discuss the advantage of our approach over their work. 1. Block rank: This algorithm by Wavelike et al. [6], splits the web graph into blocks according to their domain and then calculates Pageant of each block locally. It then uses an approximation to merge these results and calculate global Pageant. This implementation increases the performance by 2 times. 2. Partition-Based Parallel Pageant Algorithm: Orangutans and Namesakes [3] discusses about three algorithms and their implementation on PC cluster. He compares PC cluster implementation of block based algorithm, split accumulate algorithm and partition based parallel algorithm, with results favoring last implementation. . Pageant Computation Using PC Cluster: This is another implementation by Orangutans and Namesakes [4] in which they divide the input graph into equal sets and lactate them on each PC cluster nodes. Each cluster node solves them for 5 iterations locally and then updates the new rank on other nodes. This implementation achieves 4 times speed up. 4. Another efficient paral lel implementation of Pageant on PC cluster by Schoolhouses et al. [5] achieves gain of 10 times by using block structure of web page and reformulating the algorithm by combining Jacobin and Gauss-Sidle method. Most researchers have implemented Pageant algorithm on PC cluster, which increases the efficiency but not in comparison to the added hardware cost. Very less research, with success has been one in the field of implementing Pageant algorithm on rapid evolving multi core architectures. The implementation on multi core 6 SPUN based Cell BE has shown that ten Pageant Algorithm runs 22 times slowly. We odometer Implement It on more efficient SIMI based multi core CUD architecture, containing large number of processors, using an entirely innovative approach. Our approach also exploits the block structure of web but dont involve approximation like in [6]. We further show that if we merge both the use of PC cluster implementation and CUD device a huge increase in performance can be achieved in comparison to ere small increase in hardware cost. 2. 4. The Block Structure of Web Graph 2. 3. As discussed in section 2. 3, several researches have been done on utilizing the block structure of web for efficient implementation of Pageant. They reveal that in most cases the numbers of intra-host links are much larger than the inter-host links leading to creation of block structures in the web graph. Here, we take it to a further extent and analyses this property in a more magnified view which reveals that this kind of block structure also exists at lower level of hierarchy. For instance, most of the inks for a certain block of pages say BBC. Ex./docs are in and around BBC. Ex./docs. For studying the structure of web, the link structured file, generated using Hebraic, has been used. To visualize it further, we construct dot plots such that if there is a link from node J to node I, then there is black point in the graph at (I, J). Since, our full dataset is too large to observe the individual points, a slice of graph are shown in Figure 2. The following things are noticeable: 1. There is a dense diagonal line indicating that most of the pages link in and around themselves. 2. There are several blocks of points which show that a certain blocks of pages have large number of intra-linkages between them. This clearly shows that the block structure at domain or host level is also prevalent at smaller level. 3. There are several horizontal lines highlighting that some blocks of pages are pointed by a narrow set of pages and few isolated vertical lines that indicate that a certain block of pages points to a very narrow set of pages. . There are number of isolated points which highlight the degree of randomness in the link structure. 2. 5. CUD Architecture CAUDAL, introduced by INVALID, is a general purpose parallel computing that leverages the parallel compute engine in INVALID Spies to solve many complex computational problems in a more efficient way than on a CAP]. These Spies are used as coprocessor to assist CPU for compu tational intensive task. More details about this architecture can be explored at [10]. Here, we highlight the features that need special mention in relation to our work. 4. SIMI Architecture: Employs Single Instruction Multiple Thread Architecture leading to the execution of a single instruction by a huge number of threads. Asynchronous Concurrent Execution: In order to facilitate concurrent execution between host and evolve, Kernel launches are asynchronous I. E. Control Is returned to ten most Athena before the device has completed the requested task. Warps: A warp is a group of 32 parallel threads which executes one common instruction at a time, so full efficiency is realized when all 32 threads of a warp agree on their execution path. Memory Coalescing: Global memory bandwidth is most efficiently used if the simultaneous memory accesses by threads in a half-warp (during the execution of a single read or rite instruction) are such that they can be coalesced into a single memory transaction of 32, 64, or 128 bytes, leading to minimum access time. 2. 6. Porting issues on CUD Architecture Porting issues with the Pageant algorithm are mainly concerned with hardware restrictions of CUD architecture. CUD demands the execution of all threads in a warp to be similar for the thread to execute in parallel, hence, if the execution paths of threads in a warp become divergent then it causes the CUD to suspend the parallel execution of threads and executes them sequentially (or become serialized), hence decreasing throughput. As he number of industries of nodes can be very dissimilar, the loop involved in calculation, iterating for number of industries, can make the threads control flow to become divergent or different from other threads. Another constraint of the device is related to memory accesses. Due to the huge size of link structure arrays containing the industries and rank of nodes, it has to be stored in the global memory. But the latency of global memory is very low, hundreds of memory cycles, compared to shared memory. The protocol followed by the CUD architecture for memory transaction ensures that all the threads referencing memory in the same segment re serviced simultaneously. Therefore bandwidth will be used most efficiently only if, simultaneous memory accesses by threads in a half warp belongs to a segment. But due to uneven and random nature of industries of nodes the memory reference sometimes become non coalesced hindering the simultaneous service of memory transactions leading to the wastage of memory bandwidth. There are different structures of input file for the Pageant algorithm. It can be either nodes with their industries or nodes with their outguesses. The problem with the outgrew is that while iterating through the list of outguesses of a particular node, calculation squires dividing the initial Pageant of the node with its number of outguesses and adding the result to the memory location for storing the new Pageant of the node which it points to. The pseudo code for parallel implementation of this on CUD architecture is described in pseudopodia [1]. : ? Result: Since, step 2 in [1] will be simultaneously executed by large number of threads, this may lead to conflict between them while updating the same memory location, producing unpredictable results. Though this problem can be solved using atomic operation, but there are no atomic operations for floating point values yet incorporated in the architecture. Hence the input files format should be, each node with their number of industries and a list of nodes pointing to the node. The outgrew of each node required in calculation can be stored in a separate file or in the sane file. The structure of input file used in our experiment is shown in the Figure When this implementation is executed on the device then the running time is more than the sequential implementation on the hardware specified in section 2. . The reason for this can be easily attributed to porting issues we mentioned in section 2. 6. 2. 7. 1 . Solving the problem of non coalesced memory access Figure 2: Topple of all links One of the reasons for poor performance of naive implementation is that the global memory accesses were not coalesced. As discussed while considering the porting issues in section 2. 6, for better p erformance, the simultaneous memory accesses done by all threads in a half warp should belong to same segment for lesser transactions to occur. The Figure 1: Input File Structure The problem with implementation of Guidelines for calculating Pageant is that for calculating the rank of a page we need the new ranks of all pages before it, but due to personalization the calculation of some of them may e still in process. This happens especially for threads belonging to same block, as all threads in a block execute in parallel. 2. 7. Parallel implementation using Jacobin method The naive implementation involves each thread is assigned one node for the calculation. The thread iterates though can I TTS Menageries Detecting tenet Nominal rank Ana teen Livelong It Walt outgrew and adding it up. Finally multiply it with the damping factor d and add (1 d) to the sum. The initial Pageant before starting to iterate is kept 1 . The decent number of iteration is 32 as normally the algorithm converges in 32 iteration. Figure 3: Topple of links calculated on device nodes generally link in the locality, with few links to farther nodes as described in section 2. 4. To improve the rank calculation of a node, say p, we process only those nodes on kernel which belong to locality of p, determined by the range. And the rest of the nodes are processed on host processor as shown in Figure 4. So we create two link structured input file, one to be processed by kernel, which contains nodes lying in locality, and other contains rest of the nodes to be processed on host processor. 2. 7. 2. Solving the problem of divergence in control flow Another season for poor performance of naive implementation is the divergence in the program control flow. The main problem causing divergence is uneven number of industries, which causes different threads to end up with different number of iteration, also discussed in section 2. . The solution to this problem is to allow maximum possible threads to iterate same number of times, so that the program execution path does not diverge much from the normal flow. For this we calculate the average of all nodes number of industries for the kernel link structured input file. And then each thread is allowed to calculate up to the average number of industries if it is less t han average number) and the rest calculation is done simultaneously on the host processor. Those points that are included in the calculation of rank on the device. Figure 5: Topple of links calculated on host The number of calculation on host can be further decreased if we use some constant multiple of the average value. This constant for peak performance is different for different input graphs depending on the distribution of the number of industries among the nodes. This constant if too large can also increase the number of threads going divergent. But if perfect balance exist between the increase in time due to increase in calculation on the host processor and number of threads going divergent, then further decreases in time can be achieved. This constant can be called as average factor which is a function of the distribution of number of industries among nodes and block size. The final implementation is shown in Parallel Algorithm 1. Figure 4: Processing the input File The total number of calculations done on host processor is considerably decreased. But in order to increase the performance the block structure of web can be exploited. As we showed in section 2. There exists block structure even at small level. So in our next improvement instead of calculating the average of the industries of all nodes, we divide all the nodes into blocks.
Wednesday, November 27, 2019
A House in Columbus for an Essay †Good Deal
A House in Columbus for an Essay Good Deal You’ve probably seen a lot of articles and posts about value of words. However, none of them actually bare information about exact price of some sentence or even text. Well, Tim and Deanna Railing from Columbus state decided to change that. They came up with an opinion that a 250-word essay costs just as much as their 6,200-square-foot home on 4.82 acres of property. What’s the catch? To be clear, they are not going to give their house to just anybody who writes an essay. The couple decided to create a contest for professional and amateur writers. Entrance fee is 150$, and everybody can take their chance and write a 250-word or less work on â€Å"A Life Well Lived.†However, Railings will only give their house away in case they get at least 4,500 entries. If they won’t reach the number, house will be kept by its current owners and contestants will get full-size refunds. Why do they do this? The couple says, that they got the idea of this contest from a TV-story, about someone from Maine, who did similar thing. Railings chose â€Å"A Life Well Lived†topic because: â€Å"To me, he (Tim) is the epitome of a life well lived, and I thought I want to hear more stories like that from people.†- Donna Railing stated. If the contest will be participated by expected 4,500 people, couple will get 675,000$, which almost covers the value of their custom-built log cabin in Columbus complete with indoor pool. For those, who want to apply If you want to participate in the contest, you should send your essay to Railings by November 16, 2015. The winner will be chosen by a group of anonymous judges. The couple will not be a part of jury. â€Å"Weve decided we don’t want any part of the judging for this essay. We want to be impartial. We may read some of them because they’re going to be fun to read,†said Deanna Railing.
Saturday, November 23, 2019
Free Essays on Tragedy In Life Is Beautiful And This Way For The Gas Ladies And Gentlemen
Tragedy is a reappearing character throughout â€Å"Life is beautiful†and â€Å"This way for the gas, ladies and gentlemen.†Even though both Benigni, and Borowski use their own diverse style to approach the issue of the holocaust. In â€Å"life is beautiful†Benigni uses Guidos family to represent values and how they are represented during the holocaust. He does not use vivid images nor do you see any grotesque images. One can beven suggest that he eased the events in his film. While Borowski uses his vivid descriptions to animate the story and capture the reader with his powerful use of imagery. A clear and powerful description of the holocaust and concentration camps could be established from the story. It is not unusual to say that both works deal with the same issue from two totally different sides. â€Å"This way for the gas, ladies and gentlemen†offers vivid descriptions of conditions in the concentration camps during the holocaust; the brutality towards the Jews can be conceived throughout the whole story. â€Å"Heads push though the windows, mouths gasp frantically for air. They draw a few breaths, then disappear; others come in their place, then also disappear. The cries and moans grow louder.†Death is another tragic character in the story; its presence is constantly felt throughout the scenery. â€Å"We climb inside. In the corners amid human excrement and abandoned wrist-watches lie squatted, trampled infants, naked little monsters with enormous heads and bloated bellies. We carry them out like chickens, holding several in each hand†This horrible scene of the narrator carrying out the children further succumbs the horrible atmosphere of the story. This story uses its gory description to capture the audience’s attention, not to keep the read er enthusiastic about reading the story but to enlighten him/her of the situation that went on during those times. We do not see the narrator ease at anytime with his accurate descri... Free Essays on Tragedy In Life Is Beautiful And This Way For The Gas Ladies And Gentlemen Free Essays on Tragedy In Life Is Beautiful And This Way For The Gas Ladies And Gentlemen Tragedy is a reappearing character throughout â€Å"Life is beautiful†and â€Å"This way for the gas, ladies and gentlemen.†Even though both Benigni, and Borowski use their own diverse style to approach the issue of the holocaust. In â€Å"life is beautiful†Benigni uses Guidos family to represent values and how they are represented during the holocaust. He does not use vivid images nor do you see any grotesque images. One can beven suggest that he eased the events in his film. While Borowski uses his vivid descriptions to animate the story and capture the reader with his powerful use of imagery. A clear and powerful description of the holocaust and concentration camps could be established from the story. It is not unusual to say that both works deal with the same issue from two totally different sides. â€Å"This way for the gas, ladies and gentlemen†offers vivid descriptions of conditions in the concentration camps during the holocaust; the brutality towards the Jews can be conceived throughout the whole story. â€Å"Heads push though the windows, mouths gasp frantically for air. They draw a few breaths, then disappear; others come in their place, then also disappear. The cries and moans grow louder.†Death is another tragic character in the story; its presence is constantly felt throughout the scenery. â€Å"We climb inside. In the corners amid human excrement and abandoned wrist-watches lie squatted, trampled infants, naked little monsters with enormous heads and bloated bellies. We carry them out like chickens, holding several in each hand†This horrible scene of the narrator carrying out the children further succumbs the horrible atmosphere of the story. This story uses its gory description to capture the audience’s attention, not to keep the read er enthusiastic about reading the story but to enlighten him/her of the situation that went on during those times. We do not see the narrator ease at anytime with his accurate descri...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Gender in legal theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words
Gender in legal theory - Essay Example At a practical level, some jurists hope to improve society by studying what the law is, what it ought to be, and how it actually operates. They seek a deeper understanding behind laws seemingly unpredictable and uncertain nature. Feminist jurisprudence then is that part of jurisprudence pertaining to women. To understand the term more, Weiss and Young (2006) discussed about The Rise of Feminist Jurisprudence. They said: â€Å"The liberal feminism inherited by the womens liberation movement of the 1960s was based on emancipatory theory and sought to dismantle the positive legal barriers that had denied women equal opportunity with men. The theory behind those goals was that the rights of individuals as traditionally understood in a liberal society should transcend gender differences (McElroy, 1991). This brand of legal feminism was in many ways exemplified by Ruth Bader Ginsburg, now associate justice of the Supreme Court, who said in a 1988 speech, "Generalizations about the way women or men are . . . cannot guide me reliably in making decisions about particular individuals." (Rosen, 1993). As general counsel of the American Civil Liberties Unions Womens Rights Project in the 1970s, Ginsburg challenged laws that gave health benefits to wives of servicemen but not to husbands of servicewomen and prohibited women from engaging in certain types of business (such as running a bar) without a male co-owner. Feminists were also involved in efforts to overturn legal restrictions on contraception and abortion.†The authors also said: â€Å"The illiberal feminist legal theory (also known as "radical feminism"), which emerged during the 1980s, urges women to renounce traditional notions of rights and justice, now viewed as perpetuating male dominance. Some of the new feminists charge that the reforms achieved by "equality feminists" have dismantled protections beneficial to women
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Inherent risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Inherent risk - Essay Example The impact of this on the total shareholdings needs to be independently addressed by the auditors. Undervaluation of shares: The management believes that the shares of the Company have been undervalued and hence has reduced the holdings on 30.6.2007 by buying back 5.2.Million Shares valued at $9.3m. (Speciality Fashion Group Annual Report. 2007. P. 8). Its impact on the present holdings needs to be reviewed by auditors. Climatic Risks that impinge upon Co.'s business: It is seen that the Company, which specializes in women's garments has had lowered business trends during the winter months, especially the peak Christmas season. Moreover the various seasonal competitions has also slackened business prospects. Risks associated with the rapport and reliability of key employees: The management functions as a closely knit operational team and decisions are made on consensus. Although the members of the team are highly motivated, committed and dependable, there are always risks of management employees' attrition, for better prospects and higher positions. This could be perceived as an inherent risk in this Company Risks Risks associated with need for strategic growth: The women's garment industry in Australia and New Zealand are the main areas of marketing focus by this Company. There is always a dormant risk that customer preferences and tastes may change, due to conspicuous changes in fashion industry needs and competitive environment, in which the Company operates. Although the Company has designed garment wear for all age groups, income stratas and lifestyles, the inherent risks of a high degree of fashion obsolescence cannot be ruled out, which could affect demand for the products and cost of carrying inventories. Supply Chain Management risks and strategic vendor relationships: The Company presently has 784 locations situated in Australia and New Zealand. (Speciality Fashion Group Annual Report. 2007. P. 10). Many more stores are going to be opened to future to cater to the increasing clientele and it is necessary to have the necessary efficient logistics in place so that all the stores are well stocked with stocks at all times. It is therefore a test for the supply chain management systems in operation to build up efficiency and prompt dispatches and also have excellent vendor network so that goods are speedily replenished and restocked at all locations. The inherent risks arise when, due to failure of the system, ordered supplies are not available on demand, which could reflect upon the reordering systems in vogue.
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Fossils and the Geologic Column Essay Example for Free
Fossils and the Geologic Column Essay Starting from the 18th Century, scientist had been able to provide methods of knowing the world’s prehistory. One of this is the use of fossils to determine the relative age of strata. Fossils are the remains of living organisms that had lived long time ago while strata are the geological divisions each made out of contiguous layers that exhibits consistent characteristics. Comparing the sets of fossils that exist within different localities gives a hint for geologist whether the layers concerned are of the same strata or not. The relative age of the localities could be based on the fossil’s relative age that is then determined through carbon dating. As scientist had established that fossils of a certain organism had lived within a certain span of time, it is then compared to other organism which would be also found out to have lived within that same time span. Their similarities would be drawn out that made possible the broader division of the Earth’s history into Eras namely the Cenozoic Era or the Age of Recent life, Mesozoic Era or the Age of the Medieval Life, and the Palaeozoic Era or the Age of the Ancient Life. Each of them would be further divided into Periods, which is then based on the disturbances that had been theorized to shape the earth’s crust. The time span that is believed that no fossils can be found out is called the Precambrian Period. In analyzing figure 3. 6, we could tell that the three localities though bordered many kilometers apart, have fossil assemblages because almost all of them have Dictyoclostus americanus from the Pennsylvanian Period, Prolecanites gurleyi from Mississippian Period, Palmatolepus unicornis from Devonian Period and Bathyurus extans from Ordovian Period. This states that the three localities had been for some time span or period had been part of the earth’s outer crust. Though locality 3 had Stratum D and Prolecanites gurleyi missing, this that not means that locality 3 does not exist as part of the earth’s crust because either stratum D was never deposited there or it may had been there but then removed through erosion. The boundary between C and E then would be a disconformity. References Index Fossils. Retrieved June 6, 2008 from http://pubs. usgs. gov/gip/geotime/fossils. html
Friday, November 15, 2019
Marine Animal Captivity End The Exploitation Sociology Essay
Marine Animal Captivity End The Exploitation Sociology Essay Marine animals have been held captive for hundreds of years and for a variety of reasons. As humans began to investigate the fascinating world below the oceans surface, animal captivity became an everyday occurrence. Some animals have been captured as a means of research so scientists, as well as the public, can observe and learn more about them (Marine Mammals in Captivity). However, marine animals have also been exhibited simply for amusement and profit (Do Marine Mammals Belong in Captivity in the 21st Century?). Throughout history, humans have abused their relative power over marine creatures by capturing and detaining them. This cruel and unjust captivity commences with the act of capture and continues by diminishing marine animals quality of life. The crime of captivity begins as early as marine mammal capture. In the past, animal capture was a violent and traumatic process. Over the years, it has become progressively less malicious. However, the animals still suffer. Hunters herd the animals into shallow waters and proceed to entrap them in nets and slings (Do Marine Mammals Belong in Captivity in the 21st Century?). Captures can include high-speed chases intended to exhaust the animals, which makes them easier to catch. Some fisherman will actually ride the animals until they are completely worn out (The Case Against Marine Mammals in Captivity). In Japan, fisherman are hired by captivity agencies to herd entire pods of dolphins so that the best and most promising mammals can be selected, while the remaining dolphins are slaughtered (Global Ocean Marine Mammal Anti-Captivity Officer). In another instance, over 200 dolphins were driven into a fishing port, where they crashed into boats and each other. After becoming tangled in the chaos of nets, boats, and animals, many dolphins died of drowning (Marine Animal Exhibits: Chlorinated Prisons). Although the government works to regulate the individuals and organizations that capture marine animals, even the gentlest capture causes unforeseeable consequences. Marine animals such as dolphins travel in groups and while it may seem like taking only one or two of the animals would cause no harm, it is extremely detrimental to the group as a whole. Whales, specifically orcas, are the largest animals held in captivity (Marine Animal Exhibits: Chlorinated Prisons). While orcas remain with their mothers for life in the wild, hunters often separate mother and child. Dolphins swim together in pods, a family unit that consists of an adult dolphin and her offspring. These families are torn apart by captivity. Even if not all of the animals are captured, the free animals are left without a crucial member of their community. Some dolphins die simply from the stress of losing a family member or watching their companions being captured (Marine Animal Exhibits: Chlorinated Prisons). One study found that the mortality rate for bottlenose dolphins increased six-fold immediately after a capture (The Case Against Marine Mammals in Captivity). The negative aff ects of animal capture are undeniable proof that holding marine animals captive is an unnatural and immoral act. Even after the vicious and traumatic capture, marine animals continue to suffer in captivity. Although many trainers work to ensure that animal habitats are suitable for the animals they house, no man made structure can replace the natural habitat and ecosystem of the ocean. In addition, these artificial environments pose many risks to the animals they accommodate. First, the water of the tank can cause serious health risks. Many aquariums and marine parks pump water in directly from the ocean. However, this water is filtered and chlorine is added while micro and macro marine life is removed (Killer Whales in Captivity). This treatment creates harsh water full of chemicals, which can irritate the skin of marine mammals. Although the chemicals are used to purify the water, bacteria are still present and the animals skin cannot tolerate the alien bacteria. Some dolphins go blind (French), while others animals suffer from skin diseases (Marine Mammals in Captivity). In other cases, orca s experience dorsal fin collapse. This occurs because the whales do not have the support of a large body of water, such as the ocean, and gravity pulls the tall appendage downward (Marine Mammals in Captivity). The issues are not limited to physical conditions. Being held in captivity actually affects the mental functions and capacity of marine creatures. Animals such as whales and dolphins utilize echolocation while living in the ocean. In this wide and varied body of water, these animals are constantly alert and exercising their brains. However, in a dull environment such as a small aquarium, these animals have no use for their highly evolved talent (Marine Animal Exhibits: Chlorinated Prisons). Instead, they are forced to swim in circles without exercising the functions of their brain. For orcas, which are extremely sensitive to sound, the outside noises of water pumps and cheering crowds harm their hearing (Killer Whales in Captivity). Some studies show that dolphin brains shrink a frightening 42% while in captivity (The Life of a Dolphin in Captivity), and some dolphins have been driven insane by the constant reverberations of their own sonar waves that hit nothing but blank walls (Mar ine Animal Exhibits: Chlorinated Prisons). Not only are marine animals brain functions halted, they also become socially and emotionally upset while in captivity. As mentioned earlier, dolphins and orcas are negatively affected by the separation of pods. Despite being social creatures that tend to have long term companionships, these mammals are separated from their families and isolated on their own when they are held captive. (The Case Against Marine Mammals in Captivity). The issues are furthered by trainers treatment of the animals. For example, trainers will separate the acutely social dolphins when they misbehave, forcing them into isolation (Marine Animal Exhibits: Chlorinated Prisons). The torture continues in the feeding. In a technique called the Pavlovian regime, trainers starve dolphins so that they will perform. Food is only administered as a reward to the dolphin for successful completion of tricks. Trainers effectively teach the dolphins that food is not a natural right of existence, but is instead only attaine d through submission and performance (The Life of a Dolphin in Captivity). Its also important to consider the food given to the animals instead of live, freshly caught, natural marine organisms, captured marine animals are fed frozen fish and vitamin supplements (Killer Whales in Captivity). This unnatural diet hurts the metabolism of these creatures and hinders their instinctual predatory behavior. Dolphins that live in captivity are forced to swim in circles in six-foot deep tanks that stretch twenty-four inches by twenty-for inches (Marine Animal Exhibits: Chlorinated Prisons). This lack of space literally suffocates the dolphins, who swim up to 100 miles each day in the wild. Finally, its important to consider the behavior of freed marine animals. Dolphins and whales alike spend their days diving hundreds of meters, swimming hundreds of miles, and roaming freely about the ocean (Marine Mammals in Captivity). Unlike seals and sea lions, dolphins and whales rarely come up to the shore to perch and can stay underwater up to thirty minutes. The confinement of a tank forces a creature that previously spent 80-90% of its time underwater into a creature that is constantly above the water (Marine Mammals in Captivity). Some would argue that marine animal captivity has positive benefits for animals. For example, if a marine animal is held captive, humans are able to study and observe the animal, which in turn allows for a greater understanding of the species. This understanding allows humans to actually go out and assist the marine animals in the future. However, a marine animal held in captivity actually holds little educational value. These animals are forced to act differently than they do in the wild. Because they are confined to cages and tanks, they cannot roam and live as they would in the vast ocean. This means that when scientists observe an animal in a tank, he or she is not seeing the way the animal really acts, lives or behaves, but instead its contrived adaptations to life in a tank (The Case Against Marine Mammals in Captivity). Others argue that holding marine animals in captivity saves them from the harsher environments in the wild and protects them from predators and pollution. Howe ver, this argument is incorrect. It is impossible for humans to judge what environment is too harsh for any particular animal. Marine animals have survived and evolved for thousands of years without human salvation or interaction and humans must allow this natural cycle to continue. In the wild, unhindered by human meddling, the evolutionary cycle will continue as it should and as is natural. Some species may become extinct or evolve into even more complex animals this is not a negative progression but is instead the circle of life (The Case Against Marine Mammals in Captivity). While dolphins in their natural habitat can live to their forties and fifties, dolphins in aquariums and tanks often die before they reach twenty (Marine Mammals in Captivity). Over the years, nearly 4,000 sea lions, seals, and dolphins have died in captivity, and more than half of these deaths are human related. This includes things such as swallowing coins, dying of heat stroke, and swimming in contaminat ed water (Marine Animal Exhibits: Chlorinated Prisons). Although they claim to increase the longevity of marine animals lives, those who capture marine animals end up hurting them and, in the long run, harming the natural flow of life. Its certain that important information can be gained from marine animal captivity. However, holding wild animals hostage is immoral and unnecessary. Although humans are capable of capturing marine animals, this prevents them from existing in their natural habitat and only serves to hurt the species. To help stop captivity, its important not to visit captive marine mammals in zoos or parks (Marine Animal Exhibits: Chlorinated Prisons). Also, instead of holding the animals hostage under the guise of saving them from even harsher natural environments, society should work to be environmentally conscious and preserve the animals natural habitats, allowing them to live without the pollution of human waste. Holding marine animals in captivity is unequivocally wrong. No matter the claims of salvation and education, animal captivity is exploitation of animals.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Should Illegal Immigrants Be Allowed to Receive Social Services
Immigration is a large and controversial topic as far as the United States is concerned. However, there is one subject in question that isn’t quite openly addressed and up for discussion, as say border control. American citizens face many difficulties dealing with the admission of people in the United States illegally. The primary obstacles facing the system today include overcrowding in schools, availability of jobs and the unnecessary usage of Americans’ tax dollars. Unless every immigrant pays taxes, I do not believe they should receive health and social services. Some people argue that although illegal, immigrants still pay taxes (Carabelli 2-3). Numerous immigrants get false Social Security numbers in order to find jobs. Having these Social Security Numbers, employers are able to withhold all types of taxes. According to the internal revenue service, â€Å"†¦ about 6 million unauthorized immigrants file individual tax returns each year [thus confirming] estimates that between 50 percent to 75 percent of unauthorized immigrants pay federal, state, and local taxes†[ (Carabelli 3) ]. However, according to the united States General accounting office, a report they did shows that even if illegal immigrants do pay taxes, benefits provided to them cost more than they contribute, causing the United States a huge loss of money [ (Carabelli 4) ] Referring to Table 1, California spent a total of $1,770 million dollars on education, incarceration, and emergency services for illegal immigrants. In contrast, California only received $732 million in tax money from them. California lost $1038 million dollars. Also, Florida spent $461 million dollars in education, incarceration, and emergency services, losing $184 million dollars (Carabelli 4). (Carabelli 118) California tried to keep a handle on the costs of illegal immigrants by refusing to give social services to them. Illegal immigrants in the state were not supposed to be allowed state funded health care, public education, and other benefits. Some people had issues with this proposition; supporters of it made a point that Californians are suffering from the existence of illegal persons in their area and the violence they cause. Legal citizens have every right to safety and protection against these people who have entered the United States illegally from the government [ (Carabelli 6) ]. One of the biggest issues having to do with education is overcrowding in schools [ (Crisis 1) ]. In California, there have been reports of overcrowding to the point that schools are forced to reject students. Some people say there is a deficiency of teachers, but the truth is there are just too many immigrant students [ (Crisis 1) ]. According to usimmigrationlawyers. com, â€Å"The share of students in the U. S. ho are immigrants or the children of immigrants has tripled in the past 30 years; in 1970, they were only 6. 5 percent of the student body†[ (systems 1) ]. Immigrant students overwhelm around fourteen percent of schools by up to twenty-five percent. To accommodate overcrowding, a lot of schools have come up with alternatives to classrooms such as, portable classrooms, and using other facilities like cafeterias [ (systems 1) ]. Sometimes, having class in foreign rooms or places can be a distraction to students, especially if there are other things going on around them. Many towns and cities have resorted to building new schools because of the amount of students they are gaining [ (systems 1) ]. It is hard to keep track of exactly how many illegal pupils are in the school systems and determine the correct amount of funding needed. Some programs used to help educate non- English speakers; help to keep count as to how many there are [ (Carabelli 9) ]. However, other programs aren’t made specifically to meet the needs of Immigrants. Many schools find the need to hire bilingual staff to help immigrants. They also purchase special tools such as books and computer programs [ (systems 1) ]. One source of education, English Language Learner, needs extra funding to help it function correctly. This makes the teaching of immigrants more expensive, especially in areas where immigrants are dense [ (Carabelli 9) ]. One solution that has been brought to the table many times is amnesty. President Reagan signed the Simpson-Mazoli Act in 1986, which forgave about 2. 7 million immigrants for entering illegally, and allowed them to stay [ (Mcmanus 1) ]. The reason for this generous agreement was the hope that it would stop more illegal aliens from coming into the United States. This accord didn’t exactly help the problem. In fact, it became more intense, and more illegal aliens crossed the borders into our country [ (Mcmanus 1) ]. Since the big amnesty in 1986, the US has let about three million additional immigrants in. The authorities responsible for allowing them to stay neglect to admit it was them who did it because it attracted more newcomers [ (Mcmanus 1) ]. Even if the United States attempted amnesty again, it would fail for the exact same reason. Granting them amnesty is giving them what they want and in the long run, that costs the US more money than just deporting them. During the Second World War, many immigrants came across the borders to take the jobs of those who were a part of the army. When the war ended, service men came back to find that most of their jobs were taken, immigrants were committing many crimes that ruined the communities, and their millions of children were enrolling in school causing them to become overcrowded [ (McGrath 1) ]. A lot of people say that immigrants do all of the dirty jobs no Americans would do. However, a study done shows that if Americans were paid a reasonable, average wage, they would indeed choose to do those jobs as well [ (Immigration:Jobs) ] It is fair to say that immigrants have distorted the way people see jobs today. It used to be that citizens would do construction, bricklaying and other strenuous job like those, now it is not uncommon to find a Hispanic or other immigrant doing those jobs. Employers lowered pay for illegal immigrants because most of them are willing to do work for any amount. Which, in turn, makes the employer happier because they can hire more help for less so of course they would rather have undocumented workers than legal citizens. (Immigration:Jobs) One immigration case the Supreme Court had to face, dealt with schools in Texas turning away immigrant children. In 1975, Texas lawmakers chose to ban the use of state education funds to pay for the education of illegal immigrant students [ (Unmuth) ]. Some schools turned away all illegal immigrants; some accepted them but forced them to pay tuition. One man brought his family to the United States to get them a better education and his children were turned away because they were illegal [ (Unmuth) ]. The family chose to fight this in court with a couple of other people and won with a 5-4 vote. The spokeswoman for the Federation for American Immigration reform stated that people do not want to watch any child be denied an education, but they want to find a way to stop parents from coming over illegally in the first place. Many taxpayers are feeling as though they are being used; they are forced to pay taxes that support and pay for services and education or illegal beings in the United States. The Tyler vs. Doe case has ensured that all people, illegal or not, will be guaranteed an education. Also, under the fourteenth amendment, all illegal immigrants are promised equality and every civil right a natural citizen has (Unmuth). Asking natural citizens of the United States most will admit they do not like the fact that Illegal Immigrants receive benefits paid for by our taxes. Only one out of every four people believes it is okay for immigrants to receive food stamps and Medicaid [ (Staff 2) ]. Also, only eighteen percent are okay with illegal immigrants getting public housing. A little fewer than eighteen percent of citizens that took this poll decided that illegally admitted people should be allowed state grants for college. The goal for the senate is to come up with something to fix border control so more illegal immigrants cannot enter and catch people that employ illegals to stop providing them with jobs. With these laws in hand, hopefully immigrants will stop wanting to enter the United States [ (Staff 2) ]. So far, the United States has not found an effective way to prevent people from entering illegally. The first step that should be taken is being stricter with the borders. Currently, we have a fence along the US-Mexico border to attempt keeping people from crossing. It is 335-350 miles in length along the approximately 1969. 13 mile long border. That leaves around 1,619-1,634 miles of border un-blocked, wide open for crossing. Congress has ordered for the fence to be extended. Considering the fact that there are plenty of issues with land ownership, there are many problems with law faced with extending the fences. In addition to the fences, along the border we have several different types of electronic security systems. There are cameras and sensors that are monitored twenty-four hours a day by border patrol (Practice). Another strategy is worked from the inside. We are trying to prevent illegals from wanting to come over. This is preventing employers from hiring them in the first place. The United States uses a program called â€Å"E-verify†. It helps employers confirm that the people they are hiring are legal citizens. So far, â€Å"A study conducted in May 2008 by the Center for Immigration Studies estimates that the illegal immigrant population of the United States may have dropped by about 11 percent from the previous summer. It suggests that the total illegal immigrant population went from 12. 5 million in August 2007 to 11. 2 million in May 2008. †(Practice). According to writer Roger McGrath, there should be no problems deporting Illegal Immigrants back to their countries. In 1954 the US held a large deportation sending around two million immigrants back to their home countries [ (McGrath 1) ]. He says it was â€Å"done swiftly and cheaply by a relatively small force, proving that arguments we hear today about such an operation being logistically impossible are nothing more than a mask concealing a lack of political will†. I believe that the United States’ immigration problem will never be one hundred percent resolved. We can try building fences, or walls but there is always a way around, under or through those. We can try upping security along the borders with cameras and sensors, but there is a way to seem invisible to those. The matter of fact is that we have to come up with laws that make it impossible to get benefits, impossible to get a job and places to live. If we have to play dirty to get what we want, so be it. The American people worked hard to get where we are today and even with that, we struggle. Illegal is illegal we can’t make excuses to get out of our lives neither should they. I feel bad for those struggling in other countries, we have our problems too. The United States tries to help out other countries as much as they can, it is hard. So why should Americans have to pay for them to come into our country and live? Works cited http://www.usillegalaliens.com/impacts_of_illegal_immigration_jobs.html http://athens.usembassy.gov/dcm_immigration.html
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Copyright and Other Issues Regarding Digital Media and the Internet
In the old days when you wanted to buy your favorite artist’s new album you would head to your local record store to buy it. The artists and record label would each get a cut of the profits. But today more music fans are opting for 99 cent downloads or streaming free music on-line. Obtaining a new track or album is just a click away with iTunes, subscription services like Spotify, free Internet streaming sites like Pandora, or even YouTube where you can watch music videos. For most of us, at least for myself, downloading music is a favorite activity when on the Internet. Downloading music and other media files from the Internet may make it conveniently available. But does it have a negative effect on the music industry? Does it affect the earnings of the artists? What are the pros and cons of downloading music? There are a lot of questions revolving around the music industry and the advances of digital media technology. I will explore these questions and attempt to answer the big question of whether downloading, both legal and illegal, is a real threat to the overall music industry? The pros and cons of downloading music can be explored based differing criteria, with the most controversial being whether the downloaded music is legally acquired. Since Napster, the first peer-to-peer file sharing network, made its debut in 1999 and subscription and pay-per-download technology like iTunes exploded, debate has grown concerning the logistical, ethical and financial repercussions of downloading music. The main argument that record labels make about the advancement of digital media technology is that downloading music gives rise to copyright and piracy issues. When one uses the copied versions of these files, they are indirectly encouraging piracy. When downloading such media files, it does not go for the purchase of the original copies of music, which results in a violation of copyright law. According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), 30 billion songs were illegally downloaded between 2004 and 2009 (Adkins). Even with sites like iTunes offering legal downloads, peer-to-peer file sharing still runs rampant. Thus, illegally downloading music is believed to have a significant impact on the music industry resulting in a loss of profits and jobs, and changing how music is delivered to the masses. The RIAA reports that music sales in the United States have dropped 47 percent since Napster first debuted in 1999. The availability of free music has cost the music industry $12. 5 billion in economic losses (Adkins). To make up for some of these losses, the music industry has filed lawsuits against individuals who have been found to have illegally downloaded music. In some cases, individuals have been sued for thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of dollars. The problem is, when one illegally downloads music, they aren't just hurting music executives, who are often stereotyped as greedy businessmen exploiting the creativity of the musicians; they are also hurting the musicians. The huge popularity of illegal downloads is changing the music industry, reducing the incentive for musicians and labels to develop and finance new projects. Singers and bands are the public face of the music industry, but creating, recording and promoting a song takes a large team of people. As record companies have seen their profits decrease, they have had to cut positions they are no longer able to afford. This includes artists as well as engineers, songwriters, producers, and technicians. The RIAA reveals that more than 71,000 jobs have been lost as a result of illegally downloading music (MacMillan). The bottom line is that every piece of music downloaded without payment steals money that should be going to the musicians who created the music. Lastly, it is often left out that by downloading media files, it loses its originality. Though downloading makes it easily available to the masses, it also makes it spread far and wide. Something that is very easily available is considered to be of a lesser value therefore devaluing their art. On the other side, digital media is convenient for users, as they can obtain music and movies, save it to their computers and potentially transfer it to CDs or iPods without ever leaving their homes. It can also be done from anywhere with an Internet connection, and at any time, in contrast to music purchased at a traditional store. You can obtain potentially hard to find tracks without needing access to a well-stocked store. Access to older music can allow the producer and artist to continue to make money for paid downloads years after the release of that album. New advances in technology and digital media allow users to select specific tracks that they want, instead of requiring them to purchase an entire album. This encourages users to download more because they feel they are getting a better deal. It allows artists to gauge the audience's response to individual songs; this feedback may be used to guide future ongwriting (Borland). Digital media downloads represent a cost saving over traditional hard copies because customers are not paying for packaging, store costs and additional charges. It can also represent a cost saving to the artist, as they may be able to market directly to the target audience instead of through a promotions agent. Lastly, and most importantly, without downloading, streaming, or file s haring the person may have never heard the music for which they are listening to. The biggest problem a band has is getting its music heard. For years, the music industry was confined to four multinational corporations that dominated the revenue stream of 70% of the music coming in, and four or five radio conglomerates that controlled what music was going out. Now all that has been broken up into millions and millions of little subcultures and niches that are serving small, really dedicated communities (Warila). Listeners may not necessarily pay for that one song or the one album, but if they're intrigued enough, they're going to start following an artist or band. They show up at a show, buy the merchandise, or buy the next hard copy of the MP3 they just downloaded. Once an audience is there, there are all sorts of moneymaking opportunities. What seems like a long time ago, live music once felt threatened by records. And then later, recorded music felt threatened by recordable cassette tapes. Now record labels feel threatened by downloading, streaming and file sharing of music. Every time these technological advances came along, the people invested in the music business at the time took it as a threat to their business revenues. While record sales have decreased dramatically compared to what they once were, every technological advancement throughout the music industry’s history has actually exponentially increased the desire for music. The same is true today as more people are listening to more music than in any other time in history (Adkins). And now it comes back to whether the downloading of digital media files, legally and illegally, are real threats to the overall music industry? The introduction of Napster and illegal downloading has helped usher in a new era of digitally accessible music defined by online distribution and has therefore impacted the way the music industry must market and promote its artists. After thoroughly researching and analyzing the effects caused by digital media and the Internet, I believe it is time for the music industry to make their own advancements just as technology will continue to do so. It is futile to try and get rid of what has become of digital media and the Internet. Record labels are wasting very valuable resources and time by spending large sums of money to find and pursue people in a court of law, who are illegally downloading media, the majority of which will never be able to pay off their charges. While I hold the upmost support towards respecting the integrity of one’s work, artists and record labels need to view the illegal downloading and file sharing of their media in a grander scheme of the industry. Not one specific artist or company is being singled out to lose money through illegal downloads. It is a technological advancement that has reshaped the music industry landscape and affects them as a whole. Rather than clinging to an outdated system, record labels and major media companies need to put their resources and focus into exploring all the new possibilities created by these technological advancements. By adapting to this new music industry landscape, these media labels and companies can generate new revenue streams to make up for their perceived and actual losses. To expose its artists to a wider audience and recoup revenue, the music industry has already had to develop and implement new tactics, such as digital licensing music to sites like YouTube and Pandora (Warila). The music industry will need to continue to create such ideas if it wants to grow. In regards to artists, rather than relying on media conglomerates for distribution, now they will increasingly go into business for themselves and in control of their own products. This will allow for artists to maximize their profits in a very competitive market. The concept of allowing music to be streamed and downloaded for free will only further their own growth and expand their audience base. I recommend that instead of combating the realities of the modern era, congress should instead recognize that markets are increasingly changing. Technology and media will continue to grow regardless, weave around the obstacles, and find a way to succeed just as it did for digital media regarding file sharing and illegal downloads. I believe that it is time that everyone moves forward and changes with it.
Friday, November 8, 2019
Transport in Paris essays
Transport in Paris essays Paris has suffered from serious congestion and pollution problems in the past due to the sheer volume of traffic within the city centre. Many different policies and projects have been introduced to try and battle some of these problems and find a solution which will suit the French public yet still effectively reduce the amount of cars on the road and hence improving the environment through this. All world cities face similar problems of congestion and overcrowding. Renovating and expanding public transport services require new ways of thinking about how to finance them and how to engage local people in their development. As an historic and dynamic world city with a population of over 2 million, Paris faces many challenges in delivering quick, efficient and economically priced transport for all its citizens. In central Paris the automobile plays a significant role, on the 20 mile long inner belt freeway, called Boulevard Peripherique, traffic is extremely heavy, with almost 2 million motorists using it everyday, not counting vans and trucks. Transportation surveys from 1991 to 1997 showed that the number of car trips in the Paris regions has increased from 14.4 million to 17 million. 1. The number of transit trips (train, metro and bus) has remained the same at 6.7 million. 2. Paris is the densest region in Europe, yet the automobile now accounts for 70% of daily tr ips and public transportation accounts for less than 30%. The Paris region dominated the production of cars from the early 1960s, Paris had over a 1/3 of the total jobs in the car industry in 1962 and this had increased to half of the total jobs in 1975 The main problem in Paris is unauthorised parking which must be reduced, this will make it possible, not only to reduce all private car travel, but also to achieve more efficient operation of the bus network, accompanied by greater comfort for pedestrians and cyclists and the deliver...
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Valedictory Speech Essay Example
Valedictory Speech Essay Example Valedictory Speech Paper Valedictory Speech Paper We studied in Great Mercy Academy so we could be equipped with adequate knowledge and skills in preparation for important roles we have to play in society someday, and most specially, to turn into reality the prophecy of our national hero, that we, indeed can be the hope of our beloved country, The Philippines. Now, I could simply say that we are empowered and productive student that could face new challenges towards new horizon. For I believe, that we are now equipped of all the things we need based from the experiences and trainings we had undergone from our Alma Mater. My dear co-graduates, the first step has men successful. Aka nag, the roots of education is bitter, but the fruit it bears IS very sweet. The journey is long and laden with thorns but our accomplishments in this school are very rewarding. The patience and dedication each of us has shown throughout our 6 years in the elementary are those what made us heroes like Jose Racial. Our graduation today is the first of the series of accomplishments that we will surely achieve with the guidance of our parents and people around us. Everything in this world has a beginning. In our case, we have just accomplished the beginning. We have started the first right move. Hence, there is no reason why we should fail in our future undertakings. Of course, we will not have been able to reach this stage without the people who helped us and who, without any reservations and expecting nothing in return, guided us in our quest for knowledge. To them, we owe a lot of gratitude. No amount of words can fully express how much we appreciate what they have done for us. We just hope that we will be able to compensate for all their sacrifices. To our dear teachers who taught us not only the lesson in the book but also taught us lessons in real life, we are most thankful to Mrs.. Angelina Leafy, our adviser who is very supportive to us; Mr.. Keen Garcia who molded our hidden talents into reality, especially in dancing; Ms. Jocosely Descartes, our Home Ionics teacher who taught us the basics of home life; Ms. Connie Jimenez, our Science and MARE teacher who supported us since we were grade 5 until our graduation today; Mrs.. Emily Castro, our Filipino teacher who guided us in our studies and to Ms. Lira Christie Omaha, the lovely teacher of Naps. We are very thankful to all of you. To our parents, who are always beside us since our first day in school, w share with you our first taste of victory. There will be more years of struggle. But we are confident that we will triumph because we have parents like you. We cannot give financial or material things at this point. We can only give you the joy, happiness, and respect that you deserve. Thank you for being responsible parents to us. We shall not be here in this worlds without you. We know the sacrifices you made just to send to send us to school. To this, we are very grateful. To papa and Mama, Tatty. Anovel, mommy, please raise. I have witnessed your sacrifices and struggles in rearing me. Thank you very much. High school life is the first step in our ladder of success. We do not know what will happen next. But if we have an aim, a goal, it will make our dreams come true.
Sunday, November 3, 2019
[Australian Undergraduate] Important Finance group project Assignment
[Australian Undergraduate] Important Finance group project - Assignment Example The construction would incur maintenance and utility cost from the drainage and the dike systems, the solid wastes and the recycling of materials that were not used after completion of the construction process. Besides, other cost associated with maintenance and utilities include the sewer system, water supply, operations and maintenance, constructions of the systems that still need polishing up and the salaries and benefits of the employees. The average daily cost is represented in the diagram below for all the utilities. These costs represent estimates computed for the first three months to obtain the daily cost in the first 90 days. However, it is likely that the amount may be slightly higher during the first one month. The values will fall thereafter with the third and fourth months and even subsequent duration recording lower values owing to the decreasing utilities and maintenance requirement. The breakeven analysis helps in the determination of the point at which the management can know whether the business attains a level that it makes neither losses nor profits (Tucker, 1963). It is also the point that the cost of production for the business equals the sales, hence no profit. Although breakeven is a firsthand tool for the assessment of the health status of the business by showing how the uncertainties may be critical for the venture, it does not capture market dynamics. Every market should be considered as dynamic because the trends may vary depending on several conditions. The changing trends dictate pricing and changes in the prices at large. Breakeven analysis does not take into accounts these trends, so it may give a general outlook that has an impact on expectations (Tucker, 1963). Since breakeven analysis involves adjustment of variables so that the values can give a figure of $0 NPV, and that each variable undergoes adjustment one at a time, it does not capture the possible effects that may influence two or more variables together.
Friday, November 1, 2019
Project Management of the construction of an international airport in Essay
Project Management of the construction of an international airport in a developing country that involves land acquisition and fa - Essay Example Important inclusions which need attention have been emphasized; this includes the project schedule, WBs, and PID. All the construction processes have been identified together with material usage. It has also looked attest and inspection of all construction processes. Importance of good record keeping techniques have been emphasized together with what is there to be recorded and why. The project has also entailed the risk management process where all the risks have to be identified and possible solutions put down. Introduction Fast paced communication systems, restrictive budget, efficient planning, and just-in-time deliveries make projects operation easy for both the project leaders and project team. In order to keep time, construction’s players must streamline their operations in the construction, improvise ways to improve their rate of operation, shorten and innovate the construction cycle, as well as all other undertakings with in the construction process. In an internation al airport construction in a developing country, many aspects must be looked at to ensure that nothing goes wrong in the under takings. Having in mind that it is been built in an occupied land makes it complex because of the relocation policies of the land. A quality project needs adequacy in planning, efficient technology should be used, access to construction materials should be good, and the project schedule should be followed to the letter. ... Risk management is quite essential because poor risk analysis may lead to project implementation failure. WBS This is the process used in both system engineering and project management where the undertakings are broken down into smaller potion to facilitate the implementation processes. In project management, it is termed as discrete work components and facilitates the scope organization as well as definition along with availing guidelines for project control and development. Below is a sample of a WBS in an air craft system. The work breakdown in this project entail: farmers’ displacement, land acquisition, project schedule analysis, risk assessment and analysis, material acquisition, and airport construction process. The tool facilities overall frames work in the planning and control of the project as well as their implementation process (Thomas, 1996). Famers’ relocation and land acquisition Land being used in this project is under use by the farmers, the acquisition process needs fairness and use of the right channel to ensure that the displacement process has gone inline with the legal policies and ethics of the land. The best way to do this is by purchasing a land of equal productivity and relocating the farmers in that land and putting up structures for them or making compensation financially with respect to the value of the land. PID The term is used in project management to mean plan of approach. This is a series of documents containing different important documentations which include: reference terms, business case, project tolerances, risk register, communication plan, project plan, and any other important document in a quality plan. Important inclusions in the PID: Project goals – the goals of this project is construct an international
Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Involvement and Young Adults Sexual Health Knowledge Article
Involvement and Young Adults Sexual Health Knowledge - Article Example Particular emphasis has been placed on social media artifacts because they are so heavily used by adolescents and young adults. In addition, individuals within this age group receive a large amount of their information from such sources. Prior to this study, researchers viewed the social media as negatively impacting the sexual decisions of young adults. Although there is the valid support for this supposition, the authors of this article suggest there may also be some positive effects of social media artifacts on this population. These effects include educating young adults about sexually transmitted diseases and offering the possible outcomes of premarital sex. Pointedly, the authors state that the majority of earlier research concentrated solely on the television as the primary source of informationâ€â€there was no focus on magazines. Due to the broad range of sexual topics discussed in modern day magazines that are read by young adults, researchers postulate that these magazines may assist young adults with making decisions about sex such as discussing contraception options with a partner or choosing to refrain from sexual activity until marriage. Consequently, it can be correlated that an increase in magazi ne reading may lead to an increase in condom/contraceptive and more positive decisions concerning sexual health. Therefore, this article aims at understanding how magazines serve as constructive sources of information and enable young adults to make informed decisions about their sexual health. Throughout Studies 1 and 2, the authors hypothesized that â€Å"because of the coverage of sexual health issues in magazines †¦ reading certain genres of magazines (women’s lifestyle, teen, and men’s lifestyle) would be positively correlated with sexual health knowledge, safe-sex self-efficacy, safe-sex intentions, and contraceptive use†(p. 287).
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